Mangifera indica
Sunlight
Full sun — requires maximum light for heavy flowering and fruit set
Water
750-2,500 mm annually. A distinct dry period (2-3 months) before flowering promotes flower initduction. Rain during flowering promotes anthracnose.
Soil
Deep, well-drained sandy loam to laterite. pH 5.5-7.5. Tolerates poor soils once established.
Temperature
Optimal 24-30°C. Night temperatures below 15°C promote flowering. Frost-sensitive when young.
Humidity
Dry weather during flowering is critical. Humid conditions during flowering cause anthracnose and poor fruit set.
Season
Perennial — first commercial harvest 4-6 years after planting. Annual harvest during warm season.
Updated February 2026
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Overview
Mango is the most popular tropical fruit in the world and is called the 'king of fruits' in many cultures. It is grown in over 100 countries across the tropics and subtropics. India produces 45% of the world's mango. The fruit is rich in vitamins A and C, fiber, and antioxidants. Mango trees are long-lived (over 100 years) and can grow to 40 m height. Over 1,000 varieties exist, from small polyembryonic types to large monoembryonic cultivars. In Africa, mango is increasingly grown as a commercial export crop. Key challenges include anthracnose, fruit fly, and the short shelf life of ripe fruit.
Plant Health
Mango is susceptible to 3 known diseases. Early detection is critical — use the CuraPlant app to scan leaves and get an instant AI diagnosis.
Mango Anthracnose
Mango anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) causes flower blight, leaf spots, and dark sunken fruit rot. The fungus infects flowers, then lies dormant until fruit ripens. Manage with copper sprays during flowering, post-harvest hot water treatment (52°C for 5 min), resistant varieties, and proper orchard sanitation. Dry weather during flowering reduces losses significantly.
Mango Malformation Disease
Mango malformation (Fusarium mangiferae) causes thickened, distorted flower panicles and bunchy vegetative shoots, preventing fruit production. The disease is spread by eriophyid mites. Manage by pruning malformed panicles 15-20 cm below the affected area, applying naphthalene acetic acid spray, controlling mites with sulfur, and maintaining tree vigor with balanced nutrition.
Powdery Mildew
Powdery mildew appears as white powdery spots on leaves and stems, caused by Erysiphe or Podosphaera fungi. It thrives in warm, dry weather with high humidity. Manage with sulfur sprays, potassium bicarbonate, neem oil, proper spacing for airflow, and resistant varieties. Unlike most fungal diseases, it does NOT need wet leaves to infect.
Cultivation Guide
Space trees at 10 × 10 m (traditional) or 5 × 5 m (high density with pruning)
Prune after harvest to maintain tree size and promote new growth for next season
Apply potassium-rich fertilizer after harvest for flower bud development
Begin fungicide sprays at first flower emergence to protect against anthracnose
Bag developing fruit for fruit fly exclusion and improved appearance
Harvest at 'mature green' stage for long-distance transport
Companion Planting
Strategic companion planting reduces pest pressure, improves pollination, and can significantly increase yields.
Climate & Regions
Active climate zones for Mango are highlighted below.
Tropical
Suitable
Subtropical
Suitable
Temperate
Not typical
Mediterranean
Not typical
Highland
Not typical
Arid / Semi-arid
Not typical
Specific Zones & Regions
Common Questions
Mango grows best during the perennial — first commercial harvest 4-6 years after planting. annual harvest during warm season.. It requires optimal 24-30°c. night temperatures below 15°c promote flowering. frost-sensitive when young. and full sun — requires maximum light for heavy flowering and fruit set. In tropical regions with consistent warmth, it can often be grown year-round with proper irrigation.
Mango is commonly affected by Mango Anthracnose, Mango Malformation, Powdery Mildew. Regular crop monitoring, good air circulation, avoiding overhead irrigation, and using disease-resistant varieties are the most effective prevention strategies.
Mango grows best in deep, well-drained sandy loam to laterite. ph 5.5-7.5. tolerates poor soils once established.. For irrigation: 750-2,500 mm annually. a distinct dry period (2-3 months) before flowering promotes flower initduction. rain during flowering promotes anthracnose.. Maintaining proper soil moisture without waterlogging is critical — Mango is sensitive to both drought stress and root rot from excess water.
Mango grows well alongside turmeric, ginger. These companions help repel pests, improve pollination, or provide ground cover.
CuraPlant
Scan any leaf with your phone and get an instant AI diagnosis, treatment guide, and prevention plan — even offline.
