Oryza sativa
Sunlight
Full sun — requires high light intensity for optimal tillering and grain fill
Water
Very high water requirement. Paddy rice requires 1,200-2,000 mm per crop. Standing water (5-10 cm) maintained through most of the growing season.
Soil
Heavy clay or clay loam that holds water. pH 5.5-6.5. Puddled (saturated) soils ideal for lowland paddy.
Temperature
Optimal 25-32°C. Sensitive to cold below 15°C (especially at flowering) and extreme heat above 35°C at anthesis.
Humidity
Tolerates high humidity but this favors blast and sheath blight diseases.
Season
Warm season — 90-180 days depending on variety. Tropical regions may grow 2-3 crops per year.
Updated February 2026
Est-ce Rice ?
Téléchargez une photo et notre IA identifie l'espèce avec guide d'entretien et conseils de culture.
Overview
Rice is the staple food for over half the world's population, providing more than 20% of global human calorie intake. Two major species are cultivated: Oryza sativa (Asian rice, grown worldwide) and O. glaberrima (African rice, grown in West Africa). Rice is typically grown in flooded paddies but can also be grown as upland (rainfed) crop. It is the most important food crop in Asia and increasingly important in sub-Saharan Africa where consumption is rising rapidly. Major producers include China, India, Indonesia, Bangladesh, and Vietnam. Rice production supports the livelihoods of over 1 billion people in Asia alone, making it arguably the most economically important crop on Earth.
Plant Health
Rice is susceptible to 3 known diseases. Early detection is critical — use the CuraPlant app to scan leaves and get an instant AI diagnosis.
Pyriculariose du riz
La pyriculariose du riz est causée par Magnaporthe oryzae, la maladie du riz la plus destructrice au monde. Elle produit des lésions grises en forme de losange sur les feuilles et peut pourrir le cou de la panicule, causant une perte totale des grains. Gérez avec des variétés résistantes, une fertilisation azotée équilibrée, des amendements en silicium et des applications de fongicides (tricyclazole ou azoxystrobine) à l'initiation paniculaire.
Brûlure bactérienne des feuilles de riz
La brûlure bactérienne des feuilles de riz (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae) cause des lésions imbibées d'eau jaune-vert avançant depuis les pointes des feuilles qui sèchent en gris-blanc. Les pertes de rendement atteignent 20-50 %. Gérez avec des variétés résistantes (gènes Xa4, Xa21), un azote équilibré, en évitant les dommages par inondation aux feuilles, et des pulvérisations de cuivre. La phase kresek peut tuer entièrement les jeunes plantules.
Rhizoctoniose de la gaine du riz
La rhizoctoniose de la gaine du riz (Rhizoctonia solani) cause des lésions gris-vert ovales imbibées d'eau sur les gaines foliaires qui s'agrandissent avec des centres gris et des bordures brunes. Les sclérotes flottent dans l'eau de la rizière et infectent au niveau de la ligne d'eau. Gérez avec un azote modéré, en évitant une densité excessive de plants, avec de la validamycine ou de l'azoxystrobine à l'initiation paniculaire, et en incorporant les résidus de culture après la récolte.
Cultivation Guide
Prepare nursery beds 25-30 days before transplanting
Transplant 2-3 seedlings per hill at 20 × 20 cm spacing
Maintain 5-10 cm water depth from transplanting to 2 weeks before harvest
Apply nitrogen in 3 splits: basal, tillering, and panicle initiation
Drain fields 2 weeks before harvest to facilitate drying and harvesting
Use certified seed of recommended varieties for your region
Companion Planting
Strategic companion planting reduces pest pressure, improves pollination, and can significantly increase yields.
Climate & Regions
Active climate zones for Rice are highlighted below.
Tropical
Suitable
Subtropical
Suitable
Temperate
Suitable
Mediterranean
Not typical
Highland
Suitable
Arid / Semi-arid
Not typical
Specific Zones & Regions
Common Questions
Rice grows best during the warm season — 90-180 days depending on variety. tropical regions may grow 2-3 crops per year.. It requires optimal 25-32°c. sensitive to cold below 15°c (especially at flowering) and extreme heat above 35°c at anthesis. and full sun — requires high light intensity for optimal tillering and grain fill. In tropical regions with consistent warmth, it can often be grown year-round with proper irrigation.
Rice is commonly affected by Rice Blast, Rice Bacterial Leaf Blight, Rice Sheath Blight. Regular crop monitoring, good air circulation, avoiding overhead irrigation, and using disease-resistant varieties are the most effective prevention strategies.
Rice grows best in heavy clay or clay loam that holds water. ph 5.5-6.5. puddled (saturated) soils ideal for lowland paddy.. For irrigation: very high water requirement. paddy rice requires 1,200-2,000 mm per crop. standing water (5-10 cm) maintained through most of the growing season.. Maintaining proper soil moisture without waterlogging is critical — Rice is sensitive to both drought stress and root rot from excess water.
Rice grows well alongside azolla, duckweed. These companions help repel pests, improve pollination, or provide ground cover.
CuraPlant
Scan any leaf with your phone and get an instant AI diagnosis, treatment guide, and prevention plan — even offline.
