Citrus (Orange, Lemon, Lime)

Citrus is the world's most widely produced fruit group, with annual production exceeding 150 million tonnes. Oranges dominate (55%), followed by mandarins, lemons/limes, and grapefruit. Brazil is the largest orange producer; China leads in mandarin production. Citrus is rich in vitamin C, folate, and flavonoids. The citrus industry faces existential threats from Huanglongbing (citrus greening) and citrus canker. In Africa, citrus production is important in South Africa, Egypt, Morocco, and increasingly in East Africa. Citrus trees are long-lived (25-50+ years) and can produce fruit year-round in tropical regions.

Citrus (Orange, Lemon, Lime) is susceptible to 2 known diseases. Early detection is critical — use the CuraPlant app to scan leaves and get an instant AI diagnosis.

1. 1

   Use certified HLB-free nursery trees budded on appropriate rootstock

2. 2

   Space at 6 × 6 m (standard) or 3 × 6 m (hedgerow/high density)

3. 3

   Manage Asian citrus psyllid aggressively and continuously

4. 4

   Apply micronutrients (Zn, Mn, Fe, B) as foliar sprays 3-4 times per year

5. 5

   Prune to maintain light penetration and spray coverage in the canopy interior

6. 6

   Do NOT prune during psyllid flush seasons — new growth attracts psyllids

Strategic companion planting reduces pest pressure, improves pollination, and can significantly increase yields.

Active climate zones for Citrus (Orange, Lemon, Lime) are highlighted below.