Mango
Mangifera indica
About Mango
Mango is the most popular tropical fruit in the world and is called the 'king of fruits' in many cultures. It is grown in over 100 countries across the tropics and subtropics. India produces 45% of the world's mango. The fruit is rich in vitamins A and C, fiber, and antioxidants. Mango trees are long-lived (over 100 years) and can grow to 40 m height. Over 1,000 varieties exist, from small polyembryonic types to large monoembryonic cultivars. In Africa, mango is increasingly grown as a commercial export crop. Key challenges include anthracnose, fruit fly, and the short shelf life of ripe fruit.
Growing Conditions
Full sun — requires maximum light for heavy flowering and fruit set
750-2,500 mm annually. A distinct dry period (2-3 months) before flowering promotes flower initduction. Rain during flowering promotes anthracnose.
Deep, well-drained sandy loam to laterite. pH 5.5-7.5. Tolerates poor soils once established.
Optimal 24-30°C. Night temperatures below 15°C promote flowering. Frost-sensitive when young.
Dry weather during flowering is critical. Humid conditions during flowering cause anthracnose and poor fruit set.
Perennial — first commercial harvest 4-6 years after planting. Annual harvest during warm season.
Step-by-Step Growing Tips
Space trees at 10 × 10 m (traditional) or 5 × 5 m (high density with pruning)
Prune after harvest to maintain tree size and promote new growth for next season
Apply potassium-rich fertilizer after harvest for flower bud development
Begin fungicide sprays at first flower emergence to protect against anthracnose
Bag developing fruit for fruit fly exclusion and improved appearance
Harvest at 'mature green' stage for long-distance transport
Disease Risks to Watch
All diseases →L'anthracnose du manguier (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) cause la brûlure florale, des taches foliaires et une pourriture brune enfoncée des fruits. Le champignon infecte les fleurs, puis reste dormant jusqu'à la maturation du fruit. Gérez avec des pulvérisations de cuivre pendant la floraison, un traitement à l'eau chaude après récolte (52°C pendant 5 min), des variétés résistantes et une bonne hygiène du verger.
La malformation du manguier (Fusarium mangiferae) cause des panicules florales épaissies et déformées et des pousses végétatives en bouquet, empêchant la production de fruits. La maladie est propagée par les acariens ériophyides. Gérez en taillant les panicules malformées 15-20 cm en dessous de la zone affectée, en appliquant des pulvérisations d'acide naphtalène acétique, en contrôlant les acariens avec du soufre et en maintenant la vigueur de l'arbre avec une nutrition équilibrée.
L'oïdium apparaît sous forme de taches poudreuses blanches sur les feuilles et les tiges, causé par les champignons Erysiphe ou Podosphaera. Il prospère par temps chaud et sec avec une humidité élevée. Gérez avec des pulvérisations de soufre, du bicarbonate de potassium, de l'huile de neem, un espacement adéquat pour la circulation de l'air et des variétés résistantes. Contrairement à la plupart des maladies fongiques, il N'A PAS besoin de feuilles mouillées pour infecter.
Companion Planting
✅ Good Companions
Growing Zones
Frequently Asked Questions
When is the best time to plant Mango?
Perennial — first commercial harvest 4-6 years after planting. Annual harvest during warm season.
What soil does Mango need?
Deep, well-drained sandy loam to laterite. pH 5.5-7.5. Tolerates poor soils once established.
How much water does Mango need?
750-2,500 mm annually. A distinct dry period (2-3 months) before flowering promotes flower initduction. Rain during flowering promotes anthracnose.
What are the most common diseases affecting Mango?
The most common diseases are: mango anthracnose, mango malformation, powdery mildew. Monitor regularly and practice crop rotation.
What plants grow well with Mango?
Good companions include: turmeric, ginger. Avoid planting near no specific plants.
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