Grow with Confidence.
Science-backed growing guides for every major food crop. From seed selection to harvest — know exactly what your crop needs to thrive.
30 crop growing guides
Tomato
Solanum lycopersicum
Warm season — plant after last frost. In tropics, can be grown year-round with irrigation.
Rice
Oryza sativa
Warm season — 90-180 days depending on variety. Tropical regions may grow 2-3 crops per year.
Maize (Corn)
Zea mays
Warm season — 80-140 days depending on variety. Plant after soil temperatures exceed 12°C.
Wheat
Triticum aestivum
Cool season — winter wheat sown in autumn, spring wheat sown in spring. 100-150 days to maturity.
Potato
Solanum tuberosum
Cool season crop — 90-120 days to maturity. In tropics, grown at higher elevations (>1,500 m) or during cool dry season.
Banana / Plantain
Musa acuminata / M. balbisiana
Year-round in tropics. 9-12 months from planting to first harvest, then continuous production from ratoon suckers.
Cassava (Manioc)
Manihot esculenta
Long season — 8-18 months to harvest depending on variety and conditions. Planted at start of rainy season.
Coffee
Coffea arabica / C. canephora
Perennial — first harvest 3-4 years after planting. Main harvest annually, with some regions having a secondary (fly) crop.
Cocoa (Cacao)
Theobroma cacao
Perennial — first harvest 3-5 years after planting. Two harvest seasons per year in most regions.
Cotton
Gossypium hirsutum / G. barbadense
Warm season — 150-180 days. Plant when soil temperature reaches 18°C.
Soybean
Glycine max
Warm season — 80-150 days depending on maturity group and latitude.
Common Bean
Phaseolus vulgaris
Warm season — 60-90 days for bush types, 90-120 days for climbers.
Cowpea (Black-eyed Pea)
Vigna unguiculata
Warm season — 60-80 days (extra-early) to 100-120 days (late). Planted at onset of rainy season.
Groundnut (Peanut)
Arachis hypogaea
Warm season — 90-150 days depending on type (Spanish 90-100, Virginia 120-150).
Sweet Potato
Ipomoea batatas
Warm season — 3-5 months from planting to harvest. Plant at onset of rainy season.
Mango
Mangifera indica
Perennial — first commercial harvest 4-6 years after planting. Annual harvest during warm season.
Citrus (Orange, Lemon, Lime)
Citrus sinensis / C. limon / C. aurantifolia
Perennial — first commercial harvest 3-5 years after planting. Fruit matures 6-14 months after flowering depending on type.
Coconut
Cocos nucifera
Perennial — first harvest 5-7 years after planting (Dwarf 3-4 years). Continuous year-round production once mature.
Sugarcane
Saccharum officinarum
Tropical — 10-18 months for plant crop. Ratoon crops harvested at 12-month intervals.
Onion
Allium cepa
Cool season in tropics — 90-150 days. Sow seed or transplant during cool dry season.
Cabbage
Brassica oleracea var. capitata
Cool season — 70-120 days from transplant to harvest. In tropics, grown at high elevation or during cool dry season.
Pepper (Capsicum)
Capsicum annuum / C. frutescens / C. chinense
Warm season — 60-90 days from transplant to first harvest (hot peppers), 70-80 days (sweet peppers).
Sorghum
Sorghum bicolor
Warm season — 90-150 days. Plant at onset of rainy season in tropics.
Yam
Dioscorea rotundata / D. alata
Long season — 8-10 months. Plant at beginning of rainy season, harvest during dry season.
Taro
Colocasia esculenta
Long season — 6-12 months depending on variety and growing conditions.
Papaya (Pawpaw)
Carica papaya
Year-round in tropics. First fruit 9-12 months after planting. Continuous production for 2-4 years.
Tea
Camellia sinensis
Perennial — first plucking 3-4 years after planting. Year-round harvesting in tropics with seasonal flush peaks.
Finger Millet (Ragi / Eleusine)
Eleusine coracana
Warm season — 90-130 days. Plant at onset of long rains in East Africa.
Grape (Grapevine)
Vitis vinifera
Perennial — first commercial harvest 3 years after planting. Vines productive for 25-50+ years.
Pigeon Pea (Red Gram / Tur Dal)
Cajanus cajan
Long season — 120-270 days depending on variety (short, medium, or long duration).
Know Your Planting Calendar
See planting and harvest windows for your region, plus disease peak warnings that tell you when to scout and spray.