Common Crops. Complete Guides.

Tomato

Solanum lycopersicum

🌍 Western South America

Rice

Oryza sativa

🌍 China

Maize (Corn)

Zea mays

🌍 Southern Mexico

Wheat

Triticum aestivum

🌍 Fertile Crescent

Potato

Solanum tuberosum

🌍 Peruvian-Bolivian Andes, domesticated ~8,000 years ago

Banana / Plantain

Musa acuminata / M. balbisiana

🌍 Southeast Asia

Cassava (Manioc)

Manihot esculenta

🌍 Amazon Basin

Coffee

Coffea arabica / C. canephora

🌍 Ethiopian highlands

Cocoa (Cacao)

Theobroma cacao

🌍 Upper Amazon Basin

Cotton

Gossypium hirsutum / G. barbadense

🌍 Multiple origins: G. hirsutum

Soybean

Glycine max

🌍 China, domesticated ~5,000 years ago

Common Bean

Phaseolus vulgaris

🌍 Mesoamerica

Cowpea (Black-eyed Pea)

Vigna unguiculata

🌍 West Africa, domesticated ~5,000 years ago

Groundnut (Peanut)

Arachis hypogaea

🌍 South America

Sweet Potato

Ipomoea batatas

🌍 Central America or northwestern South America, domesticated ~5,000 years ago

Mango

Mangifera indica

🌍 Indo-Burma region

Citrus (Orange, Lemon, Lime)

Citrus sinensis / C. limon / C. aurantifolia

🌍 Southeast Asia

Coconut

Cocos nucifera

🌍 Debated — likely Southeast Asia or western Pacific. Distributed by ocean currents and human migration.

Sugarcane

Saccharum officinarum

🌍 Papua New Guinea, domesticated ~10,000 years ago

Onion

Allium cepa

🌍 Central Asia

Cabbage

Brassica oleracea var. capitata

🌍 Mediterranean coast and Western Europe

Pepper (Capsicum)

Capsicum annuum / C. frutescens / C. chinense

🌍 Central Mexico

Sorghum

Sorghum bicolor

🌍 Northeast Africa

Yam

Dioscorea rotundata / D. alata

🌍 West Africa

Taro

Colocasia esculenta

🌍 Southeast Asia

Papaya (Pawpaw)

Carica papaya

🌍 Southern Mexico / Central America

Tea

Camellia sinensis

🌍 Yunnan Province, China; northeastern India

Finger Millet (Ragi / Eleusine)

Eleusine coracana

🌍 East Africa

Grape (Grapevine)

Vitis vinifera

🌍 Caucasus region

Pigeon Pea (Red Gram / Tur Dal)

Cajanus cajan

🌍 India, domesticated ~3,500 years ago