Groundnut (Peanut)

Groundnut is the world's fourth most important oilseed and a major source of protein, oil, and micronutrients for smallholder farming families across Africa and Asia. It is unique among legumes in that its pods develop underground (geocarpy). India, China, and Nigeria are the largest producers. In Africa, groundnut is a critical crop for women farmers, providing income, nutrition, and soil improvement through nitrogen fixation. Groundnut contains 48% oil, 26% protein, and is rich in niacin, folate, and vitamin E. Aflatoxin contamination from Aspergillus flavus is a major food safety concern, especially in stored groundnut.

Groundnut (Peanut) is susceptible to 1 known diseases. Early detection is critical — use the CuraPlant app to scan leaves and get an instant AI diagnosis.

1. 1

   Plant early at the onset of rains to minimize rosette virus risk

2. 2

   Space at 45 × 15 cm (bunch types) or 60 × 15 cm (spreading types)

3. 3

   Apply gypsum (calcium sulfate) at pegging for improved pod fill

4. 4

   Weed thoroughly — groundnut is a poor competitor especially during pegging

5. 5

   Harvest when inner pod shell shows dark veining (maturity indicator)

6. 6

   Dry to 8% moisture within 3 days of harvest to prevent aflatoxin

Strategic companion planting reduces pest pressure, improves pollination, and can significantly increase yields.

Active climate zones for Groundnut (Peanut) are highlighted below.